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OPERATING SYSTEM

CHAPTER 9:  OPERATING SYSTEM An operating system is a system-level software that serves as a link between computer hardware and user applications. It is a collection of specialized programs designed to control, coordinate, and manage the overall operations and resources of a computer system. The operating system supervises the execution of all programs, including application software and system utilities, ensuring that the computer functions efficiently and reliably. Objectives of an Operating System To make the computer system easy and efficient for users to operate. To conceal the complexity of hardware resources from users. To provide a user-friendly interface for interacting with the computer system. To function as a mediator between hardware components and users, simplifying access to system resources. To manage and allocate computer resources effectively. To monitor resource usage by different users and programs, approve reso...
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COMPUTER MEMORY

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  CHAPTER-6 COMPUTER MEMORY A memory is just like a human brain. It is used to store data and instructions. Computer memory is the storage space in a computer where data is to be processed, and instructions required for processing are stored. Memory is divided into a large number of small components. Each part is called a cell. Each location or cell has a unique address, which varies from zero to memory size minus one. For example, if a computer has 64k words, then this memory unit has 64 * 1024=65536 memory a location. The address of these locations varies from 0 to 65535. Memory is primarily of three types. ·         Cache Memory ·         Primary Memory/Main Memory ·         Secondary Memory CACHE MEMORY Cache memory is a high-speed semiconductor memory that can significantly speed up the CPU. It acts as a buffer between the CPU and main memory. It is used to hold those parts of data and programs which are most frequent...
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Computer Fundamental (Output Device)

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  CHAPTER-5  OUTPUT DEVICE Following are few of the important output devices which are used in Computer Systems ·          Monitors ·          Graphic Plotter ·          Printer MONITORS Monitor commonly called as Visual Display Unit (VDU) is the main output device of a computer. It forms images from tiny dots, called pixels, that are arranged in a rectangular form. The sharpness of the image depends upon the no. of the pixels. There are two kinds of viewing screen used for monitors. ·          Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT) ·          Flat- Panel Display CATHODE-RAY TUBE (CRT) MONITOR In the CRT display is made up of small picture elements called pixels for short. The smaller the pixels, the better the image clarity, or resolution. It takes more than one illuminated...
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